Electro—Magnetic Motor



(No Model.)

N. TESLA.

ELEGTRO MAGNETIC MOTOR.

No. 445,207. Patented Jan. 27, 1891.

UNITED STATES NIKOLA TESLA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

ASSIGNOR TO THE TESLA ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC Moron.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.445,207, dated January 27,1891. Application filed May 20, 1889. Serial No. 311,417. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern-.-

Be it known that I, NIKOLA TEE-LA, a subj eat of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, from Smiljan, Lika, border country of Austria-Hungary, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electro-Magnetic Motors, of which the following is a specifica LlOll, reference being, had to the drawings acto companying and forming a part'ot the same.

Among the various forms of alternatingcurrent motors invented by me is onewhich I have described in other applications, and which is constructed asfollows: I build a fieldi5 core with, say, four poles, between which is mounted an armature that is generally wound with closed coil s. On two of the opposite poles of the field I wind primary coils, which are connected up in'the main circuit. On the same cores 1 also wind secondary coils, which primary current, and hence a rotation or shift- 0 ing of the poles is effected that imparts rot-ation to the motor.

These motors may be constructed'in many other ways; but for purposes of this case itis only necessary to consider the specific form which I have thus generally described, as my improvements relate mainly to such form.

The object of my present invention is to render this form of motor moreefiicient and to improve its action or mode of operation.

In the motors constructed in accordance with this principle I bring two energizingcircuits into inductive relation in the motor itself that is to say, the secondary currents which energize one set of the field-cores are 5 induced in the motor itself, and the employment of an external induction device is thus avoided. The operation of these motors hm ever, is dependent upon the existence of a certain difference of phase between the cur- 5o rents in the'primary'and secondary coils. To obtain a difference of phase or lag that is since the same laws apply.

suited.to \vorliitlg conditions is the specific object of my present invention.

The following explanations will serve to illustrate the principleupon which said in- 5 5 vention is based. Let it be assumed that an ordinary alternating-current generator is connected 'up in a circuit of practically no selfinduction, such, :forexampic, as a circuitcong fiandescent lamps only. Onthe operation of the machine alternating currents will be developediu the circuit, and thcpha es of these currents will theoretically coinc de with the phases of the impressed electro mos T'tive force. finch currents maybe regarded 4 and designated as the unre'tarded currents.

It will be understood, of course, that-in practice there is always more or less self-lnduction in the circuit, which modifies to a corresponding extent these conditions; but for convenience this maybe disregarded in the consideration of the principle of operation, Assume next that a path of currents be formed across any two points of the above circuit, consisting, for example, of the primary of an induction device- The phases of the currents passing through the primary, owing to the self-induction of the same, will not coincide withp the phases of the impressed electroanotive force, but will lag behind the same, such lag being directly proportional to the self-induction and 'ini'ersely proportional to the'resistance of the said coil. The, insertion of this coil will also cause a lagging or retardation ot thecurrents traversing and delivered by the generator behind the impressed electromotive force, such lag being the mean or re sultant of the lag of the current through the primary alone and that of what I have des- 0 ignatcd the unrctardcd current in the entire working-circuit. Next consider the conditions imposed by the association in inductive relation with the primary coil of a secondary coil. The current generated in the 5 secondary coil will react upon the primary current, modifying the retardation of' the same, according to the amount of self-induction and resistance in the secondary circuit.

It the secondary circuit have but little self- TOO induction-ms, for instance, when it contains incandescent lamps only-it will increase the actual difference oi."phase-between its own andv the primary current, first, by diminishing the lag between the primary current and the impressed electi'o-motive force, and, sec

0nd, by its own lag or retardation behind 'On the the impressed electro-motive force. other hand, if the secondary circuit have a high self-induction its lag behind the current in the primary is directly increased, while it Willbestill further increased if the primary have a very low self-induction. The better results are obtained when the primary has a low self-induction. I apply these principles to the construction of a motor whichI shall nowdescribe.

trated in thedrawings, in which- The details of the improvements are illus- Figure 1 is a diagram ofa motor exhibiting primary coils D, which are directly connected to the circuit of an alternating-current gen erator G. On the same poles I also wind secondary coils F, either side by side or over or under the primary coils, and these I connect with other coils E, whichsurrou'nd the poles B B. The currents in both primary and secondary coils in such a motor will be retarded or will lag behind the impressed electro-inotive force; but to secure a proper difference in phase between the primary and secondary currents themselves I increase the resistance of the circuit of the secondaryand reduce as much as practicable its self-induction. I do this by using for the secondary circuit, particularly in the coils E, wire ofpomparatively small diameter and having but few turns around the cores; or I use some conductor of higher specific resistance, such as German silver; or I may introduce at some point in the secondary circuit an artificial-resistance R. Thus the self-induction of the secondary is kept down and its'resistance increased with the result of decreasing the lag between the impressed electro-motive force and the counteracted by inserting therein a dead resistance. .The primary coils D'iu this case have a low self-induction and high resisttroduce a self-induction coil S, while in the primary circuit from the generator G and including. coils D, I may insert a dead resistancei R. By this means the difference of phase between the primary and secondary is increased. 'It is evident that both mea'nsof by the special winding as well as by the suppl-emental or external inductive and dead resistancemay be employed conjointly.

In the operationof this motor the current impulses in the primary coils induce currents in the secondary coils, and by the conjoint action'of the two the points of greatest magnetic attract-ion are shifted or rotated.

In practice I- have found it'desirable to wind, the armature with closed coils in which currents are induced by the action thereon of theprimaries. c

I do not claim, broadly, herein the method of operating motors by inducing in one cirincreasing the difference of phase namely,

cuit currents by means of those in another,

nor the other features herein not specifically pointed out in the claims, having personally .filed applications forsucll features.

ary energizing-circuit in inductive relation thereto, the two circuits being of diifcrent self-inductiomas herein set forth.

3. The combination, in a motor, of primary energizing-coils adapted to be connected to a source of current andisecondary energizingcoils in a circuit in inductive relation thereto, one set of said coils being formed by conduct ors of small size and few turns, the otherby conductors of larger size, as setforth.

NIKOLA TESLA..

Witnesses:

R. J. STONEY, Jr., E. P. Corrm.

too 

